Submission of the Kafir in Islamic Political Doctrine

Submission to Allah and Mohammed is an essential principle in Islamic doctrine. The direct translation of the word “Islam” is submission.

What does the Islamic political doctrine state about submission in relation to the Kafir (non-Muslim)?

First, let us recall that Allah says in eighty-nine verses of the Koran that Mohammed is the perfect example for all humanity, and is to be followed and obeyed (1).

In the seventh century, Mohammed served as a preacher in Mecca, which was inhabited by polytheists, and in Yathrib, where Jews and polytheists coexisted. He successfully turned both cities into Islamic ones, through both violent and non-violent means in twenty-three years. He renamed Yathrib as Medina (2). Mecca and Medina were the only two existing Islamic cities at the death of Mohammed, who wanted a fully Islamic Arabia (3), as he confirmed on his death bed (4).

The example of Mohammed is therefore clear: to fight against the Kafirs until they also submit to Allah and to himself (5). Allah ordains that the Kafirs be fought against and prevailed over (6, 7). Submission to Allah and Mohammed is the final Islamic global political vision.

Political Islam uses the strategies and tactics that brought Mohammed success: violent (e.g., terror) and non-violent (e.g., economic, legal, sociocultural, financial, political, infrastructural, etc.), collectively called jihad. Fighting cannot stop until Kafirs submit (8). During calmer times, plans can be made against Kafirs (9). Islamic political doctrine makes it a communal obligation to make jihad on the Kafir (10, 11).

Submitting means obeying to Allah and to Mohammed (12). Mohammed's words and actions set the standard for all aspects of human behavior, social and personal, including law, business, art, family, religion, history, sex, etc. The final vision of Political Islam is therefore the replacement of all civilizations with the Islamic one, as occurred in Mecca and Yathrib.

The establishment of the "Islamic world" well beyond the Arabian peninsula, in areas where other cultures existed before (such as Zoroastrian Persia, Buddhist Afghanistan, and Hindu Pakistan), shows Political Islam's success in submitting Kafirs to its will for fourteen hundred years.

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📖 Doctrinal support:

1. https://www.cspii.org/learn-political-islam/methodology/statistical-analysis-political-islam/number-times-koran-commands-muslims-imitate-mohammed/
2. Sahih Muslim Book 7, Hadith 3189: “…Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) as saying: I have been commanded (to migrate) to a town (Medina) which would overpower other towns. They (the people) call it Yathrib; its correct name is (in fact) Medina. It eliminates (bad) people just as a furnace removes the alloy of iron.
3. Sahih Muslim  Book 19, Hadith 4366: “…he heard the Messenger of Allah say: I will expel the Jews and Christians from the Arabian Peninsula and will not leave any but Muslim.”
4. Sahih Bukhari  Volume 4, Book 52, Hadith 288: “…The Prophet on his death-bed, gave three orders saying, "Expel the pagans from the Arabian Peninsula, respect and give gifts to the foreign delegates as you have seen me dealing with them."…”
5. Sahih Muslim Book 1, Hadith 30: “… the Messenger of Allah said: I have been commanded to fight against people so long as they do not declare that there is no god but Allah, and he who professed it was guaranteed the protection of his property and life on my behalf except for the right affairs rest with Allah.”
6. Koran 9:29: “Fight against such of those who have been given the Scripture as believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, and forbid not that which Allah hath forbidden by His messenger, and follow not the Religion of Truth, until they pay the tribute readily, being brought low.
7. Koran 9:33: "He it is Who hath sent His messenger with the guidance and the Religion of Truth, that He may cause it to prevail over all religion, however much the idolaters may be averse."
8. Koran 48:28 He it is Who hath sent His messenger with the guidance and the religion of truth, that He may cause it to prevail over all religion. And Allah sufficeth as a Witness.
9. Koran 86:15-17 "Lo! they plot a plot (against thee, O Muhammad) And I plot a plot (against them). So give a respite to the disbelievers. Deal thou gently with them for a while."
10. Sahih Muslim Book 20, Hadith 4718: “…I heard the Messenger of Allah  say: A group of people from my Umma will continue to fight In defence of truth and remain triumphant until the Day of judgment.”
11. Koran 2:216 “Warfare is ordained for you, though it is hateful unto you; but it may happen that ye hate a thing which is good for you, and it may happen that ye love a thing which is bad for you. Allah knoweth, ye know not.”
12. Koran 4:80 "Whoso obeyeth the messenger hath obeyed Allah, and whoso turneth away: We have not sent thee as a warder over them.

📚Sources:

Pickthall, Marmaduke. 1930. The Meaning of The Glorious Koran, An Explanatory Translation, New York: Alfred A Knopf.

Khan, Muhammad M. 1997, The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih Al-Bukhari: Arabic-English. Riyadh: Darussalam.

Abul Husain Muslim bin al-Hajjaj al-Nisapuri. 2009. Mokhtaser Sahih Muslim. Translated by Abdul Hamid Siddiqui. 1st edition, edited by Mika’il al-Almany. The Vista Publishing House.

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